Everything about Ludovico Manin totally explained
Ludovico Manin (
May 14,
1725—
October 24,
1802) was the
last Doge of Venice. He governed
Venice from
March 9,
1789 to
1797 when he was forced to
abdicate by
Napoleon I of France.
Early life
Manin was born on
May 14,
1725, the eldest of five sons of Lodovico Alvise and Maria Basadonna, the great-granddaughter of a
cardinal.
He attended the
University of Bologna. In
1787 he met
Pope Pius VI. He had married Elisabetta Grimani, receiving a
dowry of 45,001
ducats.
Doge
He was elected
Doge of Venice on
March 9,
1789, approximately one month before the start of the
French Revolution, on the first ballot (the electoral assembly was composed of 41 members). His traditional coronation ceremony required him to throw coins to the Venetians, which cost more than 458,197
Lira, less than a quarter of which was paid from the funds of the Republic of Venice, the rest coming out of his own pocket. By the year 1792, he'd allowed the once great Venetian merchant fleet to declined to a mere 309
merchantmen.
When
Napoleon invaded Italy, Venice, along with
Genoa, didn't initially join the coalition of Italian states formed in 1795, instead maintaining neutrality. On
April 15,
1797,
Jean-Andoche Junot gave the Doge an
ultimatum which wasn't accepted. A secret addition to the
Treaty of Leoben, signed on
April 17,
1797, gave Venice—as well as
Istria and
Dalmatia— to
Austria. On
April 25,
1797, the French fleet arrived at the
Lido. Venetian cannons sank one of the ships, but didn't succeed in repelling the invasion since the Venetian war fleet numbered only 4
galleys and 7
galliots. The Doge surrendered on
May 12,
1797 and left the
Doge's Palace two days later.
On
May 16, French troops entered
Piazza San Marco and the surrender contract was officially signed, submitting Venice to French rule, and incorporating it into the
Kingdom of Italy.
Death
Manin withdrew to the Palazzo Pesaro and stayed with his two nephews until his death on
October 24,
1802. He is buried at the church of Santa Maria di Nazareth.
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